i 


^T 


THE  STATE  LIBRARY 


BY 

J.  1.  WYER,  JR. 


PREPRINT  OF 
MANUAL  OF  LIBRARY  ECONOMY 
CHAPTER  III 


American  libravp  toaoctatton  flublifliljmg;  iSoart 

78  E.  WASHINGTON  ST.,  CHICAGO 
1915 


A.L.A.  MANUAL  OF  LIBRARY  ECONOMY 

Types  of  Chapters  and  Authors  ^rv*0^v 

Libraries  SM^ 

I.  "American  Library  History,"  Mr.  Bolton.    Printed. 

II.  "Library  of  Congress,"  Mr.  Bishop.    Printed. 

III.  "The  State  Library,"  Mr.  Wyer.    Printed. 

IV.  "The  College   and  University  Library,"  Mr.  Wyer. 

Printed. 
V.    "Proprietary  and  Mercantile  Libraries,"  Mr.  Bolton. 

Printed. 
VI.     "The  Free  Public  Library,"  Miss  Lord.    Printed. 
VII.     "The  High-School  Library,"  Mr.  Ward.    Printed. 
VIII.    "Special  Libraries,"  Mr.  Johnston.    Nearly  ready. 

Organization 

and  Administration 

IX.  "Library  Legislation,"  Mr.  Yust.    Printed. 

X.  "Library  Architecture,"  Mr.  Eastman.    Printed. 

XL  "Fixtures,  Furniture,  Fittings."    Unassigned. 

XII.  "Administration,"  Dr.  Bostwick.    Printed. 

XIII.  "Training  for  Librarianship,"  Miss  Plummer.    Printed. 

XIV.  "Library  Service,"  Dr.  Hill.    Printed. 

XV.    "Branch  Libraries  and  Other  Distributing  Agencies," 

Miss  Eastman.    Printed. 
XVI.    "Book  Selection,"  Miss  Bascom.    Printed. 
XVII.    "Order   and   Accession   Department,"    Mr.   Hopper. 

Printed. 
XVIII.    "Classification,"  Miss  Bacon.    In  hands  of  Committee. 
XIX.    "The  Catalog."    Unassigned. 
XX.    "Shelf  Department,"  Miss  Rathbone.    Printed. 
XXL    "Loan  Work,"  Mr.  Vitz.    Printed. 
XXII.    "Reference  Department,"  Dr.  Richardson.    Printed. 

XXIII.  "Government  Documents,"  Mr.  Wyer.    Printed. 

XXIV.  "Bibliography,"  Miss  Mudge.    Now  in  hand. 

XXV.    "Pamphlets,  Clippings,  Maps,  Music,  Prints."    Unas- 
signed. 
XXVI.    "Bookbinding,"  Mr.  Bailey.    Printed. 

Special  Forms 
of  Work 

XXVII.  "Library  Commissions  and  State  Library  Extension,  or 

State  Aid  and  State  Agencies,"   Mr.  Wynkoop. 
Printed. 

XXVIII.  "The  Public  Library  and  the  Public  Schools,"  Mr.  Kerr. 
XXIX.    "Library  Work  with  Children,"  Miss  Olcott.    Printed. 

XXX.    "Library  Work  with  the  Blind,"  Mrs.  Delfino.    Well 

advanced. 
XXXI.    "Museums,  Lectures,  Art  Galleries,  and  Libraries," 
Mr.  Rae.    Now  in  hand. 
XXXII.    "Library  Printing,"  Mr.  Walter.    Printed. 


Ill 

THE  STATE  LIBRARY 

J.  I.  WYER,  JR. 

The  New  York  State  Library 

This  chapter  was  planned  to  treat  of  the  government 
library  as  a  type.  The  work  of  the  Library  of  Congress,  the 
chief  example  of  the  type,  seemed,  however,  to  call  for  a  separate 
account  (chap.  ii).  Therefore  the  present  chapter  will  discuss 
the  state  library. 

The  exact  nature  and  business  of  the  state  library7  should 
by  now  be  pretty  well  fixed,  its  aim  and  work  pretty  definitely 
settled  both  in  concept  and  in  current  practice  in  those  libraries 
which  may  be  considered  typical. 

The  American  Library  Association  has  been  discussing  these 
things  among  others  for  nearly  forty  years,  the  National  Asso- 
ciation of  State  Libraries  for  fifteen  years,  in  an  effort  to  deter- 
mine the  place  and  function  of  the  state  library.  During  this 
time,  the  library  movement  has  grown  greatly  in  volume  and 
extent^its  work  has  differentiated  sharply,  and  certain  pro- 
nounced types  of  libraries  have  been  developed,  each  taking  for 
its  province  a  certain  part  of  the^-ever  more  highly  specialized 
work.  Of  these  types  the  state  library  is  one.  For  the  present 
purpose  the  term  state  library  will  not  mean  any  library  owned 
by  the  state,  for  this  in  different  states  would  include  the  libraries 
of  the  state  universities,  state  historical  societies,  normal  schools, 
and  the  charitable  and  penal  institutions,  which  are  themselves 
of  other  distinct  types,  as  school,  college,  or  special  libraries, 
and  are  described  in  other  chapters  of  this  Manual. 

By  state  library  is  here  meant  only  that  one  library  in  each 
state  which  is  thus  specifically  termed;  which  is  located  in  the 
capital  city,  usually  in  the  capitol  building,  and  which  serves 


302471 


2  MANUAL  OF  LIBRARY  ECONOMY 

the  government,  the  people,  and  the  library  interests  of  the 
state  as  distinguished  from  any  lesser  or  more  restricted  con- 
stituency. 

In  this  sense,  the  state  library  is  part  of  the  official  equip- 
ment of  every  American  commonwealth.  The  earliest  were 
those  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  established  in  1796, 
of  Ohio  in  1 81 7,  of  New  York  in  181 8.  In  most  states  admitted 
to  the  Union  since  1800,  the  library  was  established  very  soon 
after  admission;  in  many  of  them  territorial  libraries  existed 
for  some  years  before  statehood. 

In  seeking  for  the  province  of  the  state  library,  we  find  that 
in  each  state  it  is  usually  formally  denned  by  law,  but  it  is 
clear  at  once  that  these  earlier  notions  of  this  province  would 
today  appear  narrow  and  inadequate.  From  the  thought  of 
a  library,  usually  a  law  library,  chiefly  or  solely  designed  for  the 
state's  official  family,  the  legislature,  courts,  administrative 
departments,  and  officers — in  brief,  for  state  employees — the 
conception  latterly  and  in  many  states  has  grown  to  mean  a 
library  which,  without  dropping  any  of  its  original  duties,  shall 
hold  much  the  same  relation  to  all  library  endeavor  in  the  state 
as  the  Department  of  Education  or  Public  Instruction  holds 
toward  all  educational  endeavor.  Besides  the  functions  of 
advice,  inspection,  organization,  extension,  and  supervision 
which  this  comparison  suggests,  the  state  library  should  supple- 
ment all  other  libraries  by  serving  as  a  central  collection  ready 
to  send  to  any  part  of  the  state  the  unusual  books  that  local 
libraries  cannot  supply. 

In  this  quest  of  the  true  province  of  the  state  library  may 
we  not  with  assurance  and  for  convenience  set  down  a  few  points 
which  discussion  and  experience  have  settled  and  upon  which 
both  theory  and  practice  are  by  now  agreed  ? 

First:  A  state-wide  service.  In  181 8  the  act  founding  the 
New  York  State  Library  read  that  it  should  be  "  a  public  library 
for  the  use  of  the  government  and  of  the  people  of  the  state." 


THE  STATE  LIBRARY  3 

If  we  are  tempted  to  feel  that  the  legislature  then  took  refuge 
in  a  good-sounding  phrase,  with  no  far  vision  or  full  perception 
of  its  wide  implications,  we  can  at  least  be  very  sure  that  as, 
not  New  York  alone,  but  other  states  as  well  have  steadily 
advanced  to  the  literal  fulfilment  of  that  early  and  prophetic 
program  there  have  been  hearty  assent  to,  and  approval  of,  every 
effort  to  realize  the  ideal  which  is  the  present  conception  of  the 
state  library.  The  founders  of  our  early  state  libraries  would 
doubtless  be  very  much  astonished  could  they  return  and  see 
today  the  stature  to  which  have  grown  the  tiny  library  infants 
to  which  their  early  laws  gave  birth,  yet  it  is  hard  to  believe 
that  this  growth,  this  extension  of  its  functions  and  interests  to 
embrace  the  book-thirsty  of  the  whole  state,  would  evoke  from 
them  anything  but  hearty  approval  for  the  wisdom  which  has, 
in  response  to  new  conditions  and  new  needs,  so  greatly  ex- 
panded their  original  conception  of  the  state  library. 

The  state-wide  conception  is  now  the  popular  and  accepted 
one.  The  burden  of  proof  rests  heavily  upon  the  conservative 
or  obstinate  state  library  management  which  still  clings  to  the 
antiquated  idea  of  service  to  the  state's  official  family  only. 
Such  a  library  today  is  likely  to  be  wakened  rudely  by  legislative 
resolution  seeking  to  know  why  such  or  such  a  line  of  work 
notably  performed  in  other  states  is  neglected  locally,  or  by 
mandatory  statute  establishing  new  work  in  charge  of  other 
agencies  more  willing  and  alert.  If  there  be  one  sure  trait  of 
modern  state  library  conduct,  confirmed  by  popular  approval 
and  sanctioned  by  liberal  money  grants,  it  is  this  conception 
of  state-wide  service  and  obligation.  If  there  are  states  where 
the  state  library  still  clings  to  the  old  idea,  where  a  collection 
wholly  or  chiefly  of  law  books  is  held  sacred  to  the  exclusive 
and  infrequent  use  of  courts,  legislature,  or  state  officials; 
states  where  the  library  still  is  waiting  in  dignified  aloofness 
for  the  few  privileged  people  to  come  to  it,  whose  custodians 
have  never  moved  to  carry  the  library  to  the  people — of  such 


4  MANUAL  OF  LIBRARY  ECONOMY 

it  may  be  said  that  they  are  out  of  touch  with  current  library 
progress,  ignoring  wonderful  potential  possibilities  and  inviting 
themselves  and  their  libraries  to  a  place  in  the  rear  of  the 
procession. 

Second:  A  single  agency  for  all  state  library  activities. 
Are  we  not  agreed  fully  on  this  ?  I  hope  and  believe  so,  although 
agreement  is  of  later  date  than  on  the  first  proposition.  Let 
us  state  the  thesis  in  some  detail.  At  the  state  library  should 
be  centered  all  library  work  done  in  the  state's  name.  In 
addition  to  the  duties  of  advice,  inspection,  extension,  super- 
vision, and  circulation  mentioned  above,  it  is  appropriate  for 
the  state  library  to  distribute  the  state's  public  documents  to 
schools,  colleges,  and  other  libraries;  to  allot  and  distribute 
its  library  grants  and  subsidies;  to  give  library  instruction; 
to  maintain  traveling  libraries;  to  aid  in  the  selection  and 
purchase  of  books;  to  compile  and  print  useful  aids  to  library 
administration,  bibliographies,  reference  lists,  and  historical 
monographs;  to  do  reference  and  bibliographic  work  by  mail, 
telegraph,  and  telephone;  to  carry  on  legislative  reference  work; 
to  collect,  preserve,  and  publish  the  manuscript  records  of  the 
state  or  any  of  its  political  divisions — all  these  and  other  func- 
tions now  admittedly  appropriate,  nay  necessary,  in  any  state 
should  be  combined  in,  and  carried  out  by,  one  agency,  the 
state  library.  This  is  no  longer  an  ideal,  for  it  is  realized  in 
several  states,  notably  in  New  York  and  California,  and  the 
trend  of  library  co-ordination  sets  strongly  this  way.  That 
it  is  not  realized  in  more  states  is  because  the  functions  which 
should  have  been  conserved  in  one  and  only  one  state  library 
office  are  too  often  dissipated  and  delegated  to  more  than  one, 
often  to  several,  libraries,  boards,  or  commissions. 

In  central  and  western  states  where  the  state  library  is 
small  and  indifferent  and  a  strong  state  university  has  developed 
a  larger  library  completely  administered,  it  may  be  better, 
especially  where  the  university  is  in  the  capital  city,  for  library 


THE  STATE  LIBRARY  5 

instruction  to  be  done  at  the  university,  which  might  also  more 
efficiently  conduct  certain  forms  of  library  inspection  and 
extension.  In  most  states,  too,  the  university  library  better 
than  any  other  is  able  to  handle  highly  specialized  reference 
work.  Most  college  or  university  libraries,  however,  are  re- 
stricted as  to  outside  loans  and  work  by  primary  obligations  to 
their  immediate  constituencies. 

There  are  states  with  a  state  library  and  a  library  com- 
mission; with  a  state  library  and  two  library  commissions; 
with  a  state  library,  a  library  commission,  and  a  state  historical 
society  library.  There  are  states  with  a  state  library,  the 
obvious  and  logical  center  for  all  library  activities,  where  the 
usual  duties  which  should  be  performed  by  such  a  central 
library  office  have  been  divided  among  other  departments, 
boards,  and  offices,  not  only  with  inevitable  wasteful  duplica- 
tion, but,  worse  still,  with  no  opportunities  to  perfect  that  one 
close-knit  organization  which  shall  seize  every  chance  for 
effective  co-ordination,  and  for  the  weaving  of  a  single  firm 
library  fabric. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  the  reasons  for  this  uneconomic 
multiplication  of  the  state's  library  agencies.  The  root  of 
it  lies  in  the  old,  original  idea  of  the  narrowr  function  of  the 
state  library,  and  beyond  this,  rather  a  logical  result  of  it,  the 
political  control  and  management  of  the  state  library. 

This  political  connection  put  place-hunters  in  our  state 
libraries,  men  who  in  many  cases  (though  not  in  all,  for  there 
were  eminent  and  honorable  exceptions)  were  looking  for  the 
fewest  books  for  the  fewest  people  with  the  least  work.  To 
such  men,  library  extension  was  repugnant.  When  the  library 
commission  movement  began  in  the  early  nineties  most  of  the 
state  libraries  and  their  custodians  were  either  indifferent  or 
actively  opposed  to  undertaking  this  new  work  of  stirring 
people  up  to  want  something  they  never  had  heard  of,  and  they 
did  not  want  the  library  commission  attached  to  the  state 


6  MANUAL  OF  LIBRARY  ECONOMY 

library  any  more  than  the  pioneers  themselves  of  library  com- 
mission work  wanted  it  there. 

As  a  result  a  movement  took  place  to  create  other  and  new 
agencies  apart  from  the  state  libraries,  which  the  pioneers  in 
library  extension  were  either  unable  to  interest  or  feared  to 
intrust  with  the  new  work,  and  consequently  there  has  grown 
up  this  multiplication  of  agencies  which  we  now  deplore. 

Before  any  central  library  office  (and  it  should  be  called 
the  state  library)  can  do  the  utmost  to  co-ordinate  and  advance 
library  interests  in  any  state,  it  must  have  the  field  to  itself. 

Third:  The  recognition  of  library  work  as  an  expert  and 
highly  specialized  service.  This  recognition  is  neither  so  cordial 
nor  so  widespread  as  could  be  wished,  yet  there  has  been  a 
decided  movement  of  public  opinion  in  this  direction  and  a 
very  palpable  and  substantial  progress  can  be  cited  as  having 
marked  the  past  thirty  years.  These  comforting  statements 
can  be  supported  by  a  glance  at  some  of  the  changes  that  have 
marked  the  administrative  status  and  legal  control  of  state 
libraries.  There  is  a  puzzling  variety  of  methods  for  governing 
state  libraries.  There  seems  never  to  have  been  any  doubt  as 
to  the  need  for  such  an  institution,  but  great  uncertainty  as  to 
what  to  do  with  it  and  just  where  to  attach  it  to  the  govern- 
mental machinery.  It  seems  to  have  been  variously  regarded 
as  an  annex  to  the  courts,  a  separate  but  unclassified  institution, 
and  an  educational  appurtenance,  with  a  stubbornly  persistent 
tendency  to  regard  it,  under  any  of  these  forms,  as  legitimate 
political  spoil.  Yet  if  we  study  carefully  such  changes  as  have 
been  made  in  the  mode  of  governing  state  libraries  it  is  appar- 
ent that  they  have  almost  always  emphasized  its  specialized 
service  and  have  tended  to  classify  it  more  and  more  definitely 
with  educational  agencies;  e.g.,  in  1844  the  control  of  the  New 
York  State  Library  was  taken  from  an  ex-officiis  board  of  politi- 
cal officers  and  lodged  with  the  regents  of  the  University  of  the 
State  of  New  York.    The  result  was  that  while  there  were  five 


THE  STATE  LIBRARY  7 

librarians  in  the  first  twenty-six  years  of  political  control,  there 
have  been  only  six  during  the  seventy  years  of  control  by  the 
university.  In  Oregon  last  year  the  government  of  the  state 
library  was  taken  from  the  supreme  court  and  placed  with  the 
library  commission.  These  salutary  changes  are  merely  typical 
of  many  which  might  be  cited.  They  result  in  a  worthier  and 
more  dignified  public  estimate  of  the  state  library  and  its  work, 
an  undisturbed  and  increased  length  of  service  for  the  librarians 
with  an  accompanying  continuity  of  administration  which 
affects  favorably  the  work  of  the  library. 

This  recognition  of  library  work  as  an  expert  and  specialized 
service  is  most  noticeable  in  the  growing  tendency  in  state  and 
government  libraries  to  choose  librarians  for  librarians.  The 
conspicuous  example  was  the  calling  of  Dr.  Herbert  Putnam 
from  the  Boston  public  library  to  the  Library  of  Congress,  the 
first  recognition  of  professional  experience  in  an  appointment 
to  this  position.  The  latest  appointments  of  state  librarians 
in  Massachusetts,  Virginia,  Pennsylvania,  and  New  York  are 
other  encouraging  cases  in  point.  Each  such  appointment, 
when  justified  by  its  fruits,  fixes  a  sound  precedent  and  estab- 
lishes a  wholesome  principle  whose  effect  on  future  appoint- 
ments is  cumulative  though,  alas,  not  always  controlling. 
Despite  the  marked  and  substantial  advance  in  this  very 
important  matter,  in  too  many  states,  while  men  (and  sometimes 
women)  of  character  and  standing  are  frequently  appointed,  the 
controlling  considerations  are  social,  political,  or  personal, 
instead  of  professional.  That  earnest,  active,  and  personally 
admirable  men  are  often  thus  appointed  neither  mitigates  the 
reproach  nor  makes  impropriety  proper. 

There  have  recently  been  two  flagrantly  political  appoint- 
ments. In  each  case,  the  men  turned  out  were  originally 
appointed  in  the  same  objectionable  way  and  were  without 
professional  fitness  or  achievement,  but  against  neither  were 
any  charges  made  nor  any  fault  found  and  each  had  behind 


8  MANUAL  OF  LIBRARY  ECONOMY 

him  fifteen  years  of  honest  and  useful  service,  marked  by 
notable  library  growth  and  achievement.  There  is  no  valid 
reason  for  turning  out  such  men.  Even  if  their  successors 
had  been  men  of  pre-eminent  professional  standing,  it  would 
have  been  only  a  good  excuse,  not  a  good  reason.  The  same 
strictures  hold  against  the  " beauty"  contests  which  have 
marked  the  choice  of  state  librarians  in  some  of  the  southern 
states.1  All  such  criteria  and  ideals  are  wrong.  The  library 
development  and  shepherding  of  a  commonwealth  is  work 
which  latterly  has  assumed  a  definiteness  and  scope  heretofore 
unknown,  which  mark  it  as  highly  specialized  endeavor  requiring 
for  its  proper  conduct  a  large  measure  of  sympathy  with  educa- 
tional work  and  pertinent  experience. 

The  director  of  a  state  library  should  be  chosen  with  the 
same  care  and  from  many  of  the  same  motives  that  govern  the 
choice  of  the  president  of  the  state  university,  or  any  college. 
Political,  personal,  or  denominational  considerations  have  no 
proper  part  in  it  nor  is  there  any  sound  reason  why  search  for 
the  best  person  should  not  be  carried  to  any  distance,  although 
New  York  is  probably  the  only  state  that  has  ever  appointed 
a  non-resident  as  state  librarian  purely  on  the  very  proper 
grounds  of  high  personal  character  and  distinguished  profes- 
sional achievement.2 

In  practice,  however,  the  methods  of  appointment  of  the 
librarian  are  as  various  as  the  ways  by  which  the  library  is 
governed,  ranging  from  popular  election  in  Nevada  and  elec- 
tion by  the  legislature  or  supreme  court  in  several  states,  to 
appointment,  usually  by  the  governor,  by  the  governing  board  of 
the  library,  or  (in  Louisiana  and  Rhode  Island)  by  the  secretary 
of  state. 

It  is  hard  to  devise  a  method  of  appointment  which  shall 
surely  recognize  fitness,  pertinent  education,  and  experience 

1  Library  Journal  23:62  and  33:101. 

2 The  reference  is  to  the  appointment  of  Mr.  E.  H.  Anderson  in  1905. 


THE  STATE  LIBRARY  9 

more  than  personal  and  political  considerations.  The  best 
results  in  the  past  seem  to  have  come  from  lodging  the  power 
of  appointment  with  a  special  library  board  most  of  whose 
members  serve  ex  officiis  and  are  connected  with  the  educational 
institutions  or  work  of  the  state,  the  others  appointed  by  the 
governor  for  long  terms,  or  with  that  board  or  body  which  has 
administrative  direction  of  the  state's  educational  activities. 
The  objection  to  control  by  the  supreme  court  is  that  the  library 
is  distinctly  a  subordinate  or  incidental  matter  and  the  chief 
or  sole  interest  of  such  a  governing  board  is  usually  the  law 
library  which  is  but  a  small  part  of  the  varied  work  which  awaits 
the  modern  state  library.  More  objectionable  still  is  it  to 
have  the  clerk  of  the  court,  the  secretary  of  state,  or  some  other 
political  official  named  by  law  as  ex  officio  state  librarian. 
Too  much  importance,  however,  must  not  be  attached  to  the 
precise  way  in  which  state  libraries  are  governed  or  their 
librarians  appointed.  When  the  nature  of  their  work  comes 
to  be  more  explicitly  recognized,  as  public  opinion  is  quicker 
and  more  insistent  to  acknowledge  it  as  expert  service,  as 
organized  professional  sentiment  becomes  more  active  and 
influential,  it  will  matter  less  and  less  just  what  is  the  actual 
method  or  machinery  of  appointment. 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC  NOTE 

After  their  own  annual  or  biennial  reports,  the  Papers  and  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  National  Association  of  State  Libraries  are  the  most 
important  sources  of  information  about  state  libraries.  It  seems 
worth  while,  therefore,  to  indicate  with  some  particularity  the 
bibliographic  vicissitudes  of  their  publication.  The  following  data 
are  arranged  by  successive  annual  meetings  from  1  to  17. 

1.  Washington,  D.C.,  November  16-18,  1898. 

Summary  in  LJ.  23:668-69;   never  published  in  full. 

2.  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  October  24-26,  1899. 

Summary  in  LJ.  24:623-25;   never  published  in  full. 


io  MANUAL  OF  LIBRARY  ECONOMY 

3.  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  November  20-22,  1900. 

Full  Proceedings  in  P.L.  6:17-45. 

Summary  in  LJ.  25:739-41;  never  published  separately. 

4.  Waukesha,  Wis.,  July  5,  1901. 

5.  Magnolia,  Mass.,  June  18,  1902. 

6.  Niagara  Falls,  N.Y.,  June  24-26,  1903. 

Summary  in  L.J.  28:608-14;  "PJL.  8:371-80. 

7.  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  October  18-19,  1904. 

Summary  in  L.J.  29:0254-58;  P.L.  10:26-30. 
Full  Proceedings  and  Addresses  for  meetings  4-7  appear  only 
in  separate  pamphlets  issued  annually  by  the  Association. 

8.  Portland,  Ore.,  July  5-6,  1905. 

Full  Proceedings  and  Addresses  appear  in  separate  pamphlet 
and  in  L.J.  30:0225-52. 

9.  Narragansett  Pier,  June  30 — July  2,  1906. 

Proceedings  and  Addresses  appear  only  in  separate  pamphlet. 

10.  Asheville,  N.C.,  May  24-28,  1907. 

Full  Proceedings  and  Addresses  appear  in  separate  pamphlet 
and  in  A.L.A.  Bulletin  1 :  193-230. 

11.  Lake  Minnetonka,  Minn.,  June  25-26,  1908. 

Full  Proceedings  and  Addresses  appear  in  separate  pamphlet 
and  in  A.L.A.  Bulletin  2 :  260-304. 

12.  Bretton  Woods,  N.H.,  July  1-2,  1909. 

Proceedings  and  Addresses  in  A.L.A.  Bulletin  3: 281-336  and 
in  separate  pamphlet. 

13.  Mackinac,  Mich.,  July  1-5,  1910. 

Proceedings  and  Addresses  in  separate  pamphlet  and  in  A.L.A. 
Bulletin  4:689-731. 

14.  Pasadena,  CaL,  May  18-24,  191 1. 

Summary  in  A.L.A.  Bulletin  5:215-17,  but  full  Proceedings 
and  Addresses  only  in  separate  pamphlet. 

15.  Ottawa,  Canada,  June  26 — July  2,  191 2. 

Not  yet  printed. 

16.  Kaaterskill,  N.Y.,  June  23-29,  1913. 

Not  yet  printed. 

17.  Washington,  D.C.,  May  27-28,  1914. 

Proceedings  and  Addresses  in  separate   pamphlet   and  in 
A.L.A.  Bulletin  8:271-327. 


THE  STATE  LIBRARY  n 

An  earlier  considerable  account,  now  wholly  of  historical  impor- 
tance, is  the  article  by  Dr.  Henry  A.  Homes,  "State  and  territorial 
libraries,"  on  pp.  292-311  of  the  government  report  on  Public 
libraries  in  the  United  States,  1876. 

A  few  careful  contributions  to  the  history  of  particular  state 
libraries  have  appeared,  among  which  may  be  cited  Brigham,  Johnson, 
A  library  in  the  making — pioneer  history  of  the  Territorial  and 
State  Library  of  Iowa,  98  pp.;  Annals  of  Iowa,  October,  191 2 — 
January,  1913;  and  Homes,  H.  A.,  The  New  York  State  Library 
(in  Hough,  F.  B.,  Historical  and  statistical  record  of  the  University 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  1 784-1884,  pp.  733-43). 

Long  runs,  in  some  cases  full  sets,  of  the  reports  of  nearly  twenty 
state  libraries  are  indexed  in  Moody,  K.  T.,  Index  to  library  reports, 
Chicago,  19 13. 

The  articles  in  professional  journals  are  noted  in  Cannons, 
H.  G.  T.,  Bibliography  of  library  economy,  1910,  Sections  A19-20 
and  C6-10,  and  in  Library  work,  1912  (cumulated  volume),  pp. 
374-78. 


•  • 


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